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Euler–Bernoulli beam theory (also known as engineer's beam theory or classical beam theory) [1] is a simplification of the linear theory of elasticity which provides a means of calculating the load-carrying and deflection characteristics of beams.
The bending stiffness is the resistance of a member against bending deflection/deformation. It is a function of the Young's modulus E {\displaystyle E} , the second moment of area I {\displaystyle I} of the beam cross-section about the axis of interest, length of the beam and beam boundary condition.
Simply supported beam with a single eccentric concentrated load. An illustration of the Macaulay method considers a simply supported beam with a single eccentric concentrated load as shown in the adjacent figure. The first step is to find . The reactions at the supports A and C are determined from the balance of forces and moments as
The top and bottom example may be considered structurally equivalent, depending on the effective stiffness of the spring and beam element. A cantilever is a rigid structural element that extends horizontally and is unsupported at one end. Typically it extends from a flat vertical surface such as a wall, to which it must be firmly attached. Like ...
The bending stiffness (EI/L) of a member is represented as the flexural rigidity of the member (product of the modulus of elasticity (E) and the second moment of area (I)) divided by the length (L) of the member. What is needed in the moment distribution method is not the specific values but the ratios of bending stiffnesses between all members.
Diagram of stiffness of a simple square beam (A) and universal beam (B). The universal beam flange sections are three times further apart than the solid beam's upper and lower halves. The second moment of inertia of the universal beam is nine times that of the square beam of equal cross section (universal beam web ignored for simplification)
A cantilever Timoshenko beam under a point load at the free end For a cantilever beam , one boundary is clamped while the other is free. Let us use a right handed coordinate system where the x {\displaystyle x} direction is positive towards right and the z {\displaystyle z} direction is positive upward.
For a 3-point test of a rectangular beam behaving as an isotropic linear material, where w and h are the width and height of the beam, I is the second moment of area of the beam's cross-section, L is the distance between the two outer supports, and d is the deflection due to the load F applied at the middle of the beam, the flexural modulus: [1]