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After a Soviet-backed revolution in 1921, the Mongolian People's Republic was established in 1924. It was led from 1939 to 1952 by Khorloogiin Choibalsan , who carried out Stalinist purges in the country , and from 1952 to 1984 by Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal , who allied with the Soviets during the 1960s Sino-Soviet split .
The Mongolian Revolution of 1921 [a] was a military and political event by which Mongolian revolutionaries, with the assistance of the Soviet Red Army, expelled Russian White Guards from the country, and founded the Mongolian People's Republic in 1924.
As a result, Ungern was defeated in battles that took place between 11–13 June by joint actions of the 35th Division of the 5th Red Army (commander Mikhail Matiyasevich), Far Eastern Republic and Mongolian People's Party troops, and was forced to retreated to Mongolia. Combined Bolshevik and Red Mongol forces entered Mongolia and captured ...
On 25 June 1920, the groups united as the Mongolian People's Party and decided to send seven representatives to the Soviet Union, who met with Soviet representatives in Irkutsk in August. On 1 March 1921, the party formed in Kyakhta (claiming to be Mongolia's first political party) and formed a provisional government.
The Battle of Baitag Bogd Mountain (Mongolian: Байтаг богдын тулгарал, romanized: Baitag bogdyn tulgaral) or Beitashan Incident (Chinese: 北塔山事件; pinyin: Běitǎshān shìjiàn; Wade–Giles: Pei-ta-shan shih-chien; alternatively Baitak Bogdo incident) [3] was a border conflict between the Republic of China, the Mongolian People's Republic, and the Soviet Union.
Mongolia–Russia relations have been traditionally strong since the Communist era, when the Soviet Union supported the Mongolian People's Republic. Mongolia and Russia remain allies in the post-communist era. Russia has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar and two consulates general (in Darkhan and Erdenet).
An independence referendum was held in the Mongolian People's Republic on 20 October 1945. [1] It was approved by 100% of voters, with no votes against, according to official statistics. Voter turnout was 98%. [2] Mongolia had gained de facto independence from the Republic of China in the Mongolian Revolution of 1921.
The Mongolian People's Party that played a crucial role in achieving independence from the Qing Dynasty would be renamed to the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party [2] due to pressure from the Soviet Union. Over the following decades, Mongolia would become highly aligned with the Soviet Union and considered its "satellite state".