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  2. Stokes relations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes_relations

    A reflection of the incoming field (E) is transmitted at the dielectric boundary to give rE and tE (where r and t are the amplitude reflection and transmission coefficients, respectively). Since there is no absorption this system is reversible, as shown in the second picture (where the direction of the beams has been reversed).

  3. Angle of incidence (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics)

    The angle of reflection and angle of refraction are other angles related to beams. In computer graphics and geography , the angle of incidence is also known as the illumination angle of a surface with a light source, such as the Earth 's surface and the Sun . [ 1 ]

  4. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_reflectance...

    Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, or diffuse reflection spectroscopy, is a subset of absorption spectroscopy. It is sometimes called remission spectroscopy . Remission is the reflection or back-scattering of light by a material, while transmission is the passage of light through a material.

  5. Fresnel equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_equations

    In the absence of Doppler shifts, ω does not change on reflection or refraction. Hence, by ( 2 ), the magnitude of the wave vector is proportional to the refractive index. So, for a given ω , if we redefine k as the magnitude of the wave vector in the reference medium (for which n = 1 ), then the wave vector has magnitude n 1 k in the first ...

  6. Refractive index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index

    A ray of light being refracted through a glass slab Refraction of a light ray. In optics, the refractive index (or refraction index) of an optical medium is the ratio of the apparent speed of light in the air or vacuum to the speed in the medium.

  7. Corpuscular theory of light - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpuscular_theory_of_light

    In part correct, [2] being able to successfully explain refraction, reflection, rectilinear propagation and to a lesser extent diffraction, the theory would fall out of favor in the early nineteenth century, as the wave theory of light amassed new experimental evidence. [3] The modern understanding of light is the concept of wave-particle duality.

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  9. Light scattering by particles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_scattering_by_particles

    Maxwell's equations are the basis of theoretical and computational methods describing light scattering, but since exact solutions to Maxwell's equations are only known for selected particle geometries (such as spherical), light scattering by particles is a branch of computational electromagnetics dealing with electromagnetic radiation ...