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It may be full-time or on-demand, and is typically linked via a transfer case providing an additional output drive shaft and, in many instances, additional gear ranges. A four-wheel drive vehicle with torque supplied to both axles is described as "all-wheel drive" (AWD). However, "four-wheel drive" typically refers to a set of specific ...
The NP242 Selec-Trac transfer case debuted alongside the Fuel-Injected 4.0L Inline-6 in the compact Jeep Cherokee in 1987. The shifter has modes 2WD - 4WD Hi Part-Time - 4WD Hi Full-Time - N - 4WD Low. There is a center differential that is open in 4WD Hi Full-Time mode and distributes torque 48/52% front-to-rear.
The Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive (also known as Symmetrical AWD or SAWD) is a full-time four-wheel drive system developed by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Subaru. The system consists of a longitudinally mounted boxer engine coupled to a symmetrical drivetrain with equal length half- axles .
8×8 (also, eight-wheel drive or 8WD) Reflects four axles with both wheels on each capable of being powered. Vehicles may be either part-time all-wheel drive or full-time: On-demand or Part-time One axle is permanently connected to the drive, the other is connected as needed Full-time or Permanent
The second generation of 4Matic utilized a full-time 4-wheel drive system with three open differentials front, centre and rear. Traction control is achieved using ETS (Electronic Traction System). This employs the ABS system with additional valves to monitor and then partially brake any wheel which loses traction.
4-Ton Truck, 4x4 (Four Wheel Drive Model HAR-1) During the Second World War the Four Wheel Drive Model HAR-1, a 4-Ton, 4x4 Truck, was produced and delivered to the US-Army. [8] The US Army placed an order and between 7,000 and 9,000 were produced for them, although most of these were supplied to allies under Lend-Lease. [9]
The original quattro centre differential (1980). Volkswagen Group has been developing four-wheel drive (4WD) systems almost since its inception during the Second World War.The Volkswagen Kübelwagen, Volkswagen Schwimmwagen, and Volkswagen Kommandeurswagen were all military vehicles which required all four road wheels to be "driven", the latter being a 4WD Volkswagen Beetle.
ControlTrac four-wheel drive is the brand name of a selectable automatic full-time four-wheel drive system offered by Ford Motor Company. The four-wheel drive system was designed and developed at BorgWarner under its TorqTransfer Systems division in the mid 1980s. [1] [2] [3] BorgWarner calls the system Torque-On-Demand (TOD).