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Delay is an audio signal processing technique that records an input signal to a storage medium and then plays it back after a period of time. When the delayed playback is mixed with the live audio, it creates an echo-like effect, whereby the original audio is heard followed by the delayed audio.
Analog delay lines are applied in many types of signal processing circuits; for example the PAL television standard uses an analog delay line to store an entire video scanline. Acoustic and electromechanical delay lines are used to provide a " reverberation " effect in musical instrument amplifiers, or to simulate an echo.
A digital delay line (or simply delay line, also called delay filter) is a discrete element in a digital filter, which allows a signal to be delayed by a number of samples. Delay lines are commonly used to delay audio signals feeding loudspeakers to compensate for the speed of sound in air, and to align video signals with accompanying audio ...
A bucket brigade or bucket-brigade device (BBD) is a discrete-time analogue delay line, [1] developed in 1969 by F. Sangster and K. Teer of the Philips Research Labs in the Netherlands. It consists of a series of capacitance sections C 0 to C n. The stored analogue signal is moved along the line of capacitors, one step at each clock cycle.
The reflected sound takes a longer, delayed path compared to the direct sound, and a comb filter is created where the two mix at the listener. [2] Similarly, comb filtering may result from mono mixing of multiple mics, hence the 3:1 rule of thumb that neighboring mics should be separated at least three times the distance from its source to the mic.
The group delay and phase delay properties of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system are functions of frequency, giving the time from when a frequency component of a time varying physical quantity—for example a voltage signal—appears at the LTI system input, to the time when a copy of that same frequency component—perhaps of a different physical phenomenon—appears at the LTI system output.
The first example gives the circuit for a 6th order maximally flat delay. Circuit values for z a and z b for a normalized lattice (with z b the dual of z a) were given earlier. However, in this example the alternative version of z b is used, so that an unbalanced alternative can be easily produced. The circuit is
Latency refers to a short period of delay (usually measured in milliseconds) between when an audio signal enters a system, and when it emerges.Potential contributors to latency in an audio system include analog-to-digital conversion, buffering, digital signal processing, transmission time, digital-to-analog conversion, and the speed of sound in the transmission medium.