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Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) is a premalignant lesion of the uterine lining that predisposes to endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. It is composed of a collection of abnormal endometrial cells, arising from the glands that line the uterus , which have a tendency over time to progress to the most common form of uterine cancer ...
Hysteroscopy can be used in conjunction with laparoscopy or other methods to reduce the risk of perforation during the procedure. [9] Endometrial polyp. Polypectomy. Abnormal uterine bleeding; Adenomyosis; Endometrial ablation [10] (Some newer systems specifically developed for endometrial ablation such as the Novasure do not require hysteroscopy)
Cervical conization refers to an excision of a cone-shaped portion of tissue from the mucous membrane of the cervix.Conization is used for diagnostic purposes as part of a biopsy and for therapeutic purposes to remove pre-cancerous cells (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) or early stage cervical cancer.
In early stages, minimal invasive surgery is preferred. [16] For endometrial cancer, five main types of treatments are used, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy. The most common treatment modality for endometrial cancer is surgery, whereby the uterus is removed via a total hysterectomy. [15]
Most cervical cancers arise from the cells in the transformation zone. [14] Cervical cancer screening occurs with pap smears performed by an obstetrician-gynecologist. During a pap smear, doctors collect a sample of the cells from the cervix to look at under a microscope to examine for any abnormalities or signs of pre-cancerous changes. [17]
The presence of cancerous cells may suggest a hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus). [3] A hysterectomy is usually not considered when cancer is not present. [7] In either procedure, general anesthetic is typically supplied. [10] The effects of polyp removal on fertility has not been studied. [13]
In patients with suspected uterine cancer, the biopsy may discover the presence of cancer cells in the endometrium or cervix. In female infertility the assessment of the lining can determine, if properly timed, that the patient ovulated, however, the same information can be obtained by a blood test of the progesterone level.
Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus and cervix. Supracervical hysterectomy refers to removal of the uterus while the cervix is spared. These procedures may also involve removal of the ovaries (oophorectomy), fallopian tubes (salpingectomy), and other surrounding structures. The term “partial” or “total” hysterectomy are ...