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2. Heating element - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heating_element

   A heating element is a device used for conversion of electric energy into heat, consisting of a heating resistor and accessories. [1] Heat is generated by the passage of electric current through a resistor through a process known as Joule heating .

3. Incandescent light bulb - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb

   Such a lamp may achieve up to 22 lumens per watt, compared with 17.5 for a 750-hour general service lamp. [76] Lamps of the same power rating but designed for different voltages have different luminous efficacy. For example, a 100-watt, 1000 hour, 120-volt lamp will produce about 17.1 lumens per watt.

4. Electric heating - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_heating

   Most modern electric heating devices use nichrome wire as the active element; the heating element, depicted on the right, uses nichrome wire supported by ceramic insulators. Alternatively, a heat pump can achieve around 150% – 600% efficiency for heating, or COP 1.5 - 6.0 Coefficient of performance , because it uses electric power only for ...

5. Induction heater - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_heater

   Most induction heating devices (with induction frequency control) have a frequency range of 100 kHz to 200 kHz. The output range typically incorporates 2.5 kW to 40 kW. Induction heaters in this range are used for smaller components and applications such as induction hardening an engine valve. [5] MF induction generators work from 1 kHz to 10 ...

6. Joule heating - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule_heating

   Joule heating (also known as resistive, resistance, or Ohmic heating) is the process by which the passage of an electric current through a conductor produces heat.. Joule's first law (also just Joule's law), also known in countries of the former USSR as the Joule–Lenz law, [1] states that the power of heating generated by an electrical conductor equals the product of its resistance and the ...

7. Hot cathode - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_cathode

   The heating element is usually an electrical filament heated by a separate electric current passing through it. Hot cathodes typically achieve much higher power density than cold cathodes, emitting significantly more electrons from the same surface area. Cold cathodes rely on field electron emission or secondary electron emission from positive ...