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The Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system (acronym ECEF), also known as the geocentric coordinate system, is a cartesian spatial reference system that represents locations in the vicinity of the Earth (including its surface, interior, atmosphere, and surrounding outer space) as X, Y, and Z measurements from its center of mass.
The UTM system divides the Earth into 60 zones, each 6° of longitude in width. Zone 1 covers longitude 180° to 174° W; zone numbering increases eastward to zone 60, which covers longitude 174°E to 180°. The polar regions south of 80°S and north of 84°N are excluded, and instead covered by the universal polar stereographic (UPS ...
The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard used in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS.The current version, WGS 84, defines an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system and a geodetic datum, and also describes the associated Earth Gravitational Model (EGM) and World Magnetic Model (WMM).
The 1980 Geodetic Reference System (GRS 80) posited a 6 378 137 m semi-major axis and a 1 ⁄ 298.257222101 flattening. This system was adopted at the XVII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics in Canberra, Australia, 1979. The GRS 80 reference system was originally used by the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84 ...
Centamap – launched in 1999, Centamap is built using data from the Hong Kong Government; GeoInfo Map [1] – a geospatial information service provided by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) Government.
at latitude 80° the scale factor is k = sec 80° ≈ 5.76, at latitude 85° the scale factor is k = sec 85° ≈ 11.5. The area scale factor is the product of the parallel and meridian scales hk = sec 2 φ. For Greenland, taking 73° as a median latitude, hk = 11.7. For Australia, taking 25° as a median latitude, hk = 1.2.
Juan de la Cosa's map is a manuscript nautical chart of the world drawn on two joined sheets of parchment sewn onto a canvas backing. It measures 96 cm high by 183 cm wide. A legend written in Spanish at the western edge of the map translates as "Juan de la Cosa made this (map) in the port of Santa Maria in the year 1500".
The Hereford Mappa Mundi, about 1300, Hereford Cathedral, England. A mappa mundi (Latin [ˈmappa ˈmʊndiː]; plural = mappae mundi; French: mappemonde; Middle English: mappemond) is any medieval European map of the world.