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  2. Defence mechanism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_mechanism

    In the first definitive book on defence mechanisms, The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence (1936), [9] Anna Freud enumerated the ten defence mechanisms that appear in the works of her father, Sigmund Freud: repression, regression, reaction formation, isolation, undoing, projection, introjection, turning against one's own person, reversal into the opposite, and sublimation or displacement.

  3. Phebe Cramer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phebe_Cramer

    Phebe K. Cramer (December 30, 1935 – April 2, 2021) was an American clinical psychologist who was Professor of Psychology, Emerita at Williams College. [1] She was known for her research on defense mechanisms, body image, and narcissism, and for her creation of a manual for coding defense mechanisms for purposes of psychological testing and personality assessment.

  4. Defense in insects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_in_insects

    The evolution of fortress defense is closely linked to the specialization of soldier mandibles. [12] Soldiers can have biting-crushing, biting-cutting, cutting, symmetrical snapping, and asymmetrical snapping mandibles. These mandibles may be paired with frontal gland secretion, although snapping soldiers rarely utilize chemical defenses. [12]

  5. Regression (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression_(psychology)

    Anna Freud (1936) ranked regression first in her enumeration of the defense mechanisms', [16] and similarly suggested that people act out behaviors from the stage of psychosexual development in which they are fixated. For example, an individual fixated at an earlier developmental stage might cry or sulk upon hearing unpleasant news.

  6. Rationalization (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationalization_(psychology)

    Rationalization is a defense mechanism (ego defense) in which apparent logical reasons are given to justify behavior that is motivated by unconscious instinctual impulses. [1] It is an attempt to find reasons for behaviors, especially one's own. [ 2 ]

  7. Category:Defence mechanisms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Defence_mechanisms

    These mechanisms were also called "ego defense mechanisms," as Sigmund Freud postulated that the ego uses these defense mechanisms to handle the conflict among the id, the ego and the super ego. Pages in category "Defence mechanisms"

  8. Isolation (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_(psychology)

    Most current researchers have agreed that isolation is one of the most effective and important mechanisms of defense from harmful cognitions. [1] It is a coping mechanism that does not require delusions of reality, which makes it more plausible than some alternatives (denial, sublimation, projection, etc.). Further research will be needed for ...

  9. Self-preservation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-preservation

    Self-preservation may also be interpreted figuratively, in regard to the coping mechanisms one needs to prevent emotional trauma from distorting the mind (see Defence mechanisms). Even the most simple of living organisms (for example, the single-celled bacteria) are typically under intense selective pressure to evolve a response that would help ...