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  2. Carcinogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenesis

    Development of cancer was proposed in 1971 to depend on at least two mutational events. In what became known as the Knudson two-hit hypothesis, an inherited, germ-line mutation in a tumor suppressor gene would cause cancer only if another mutation event occurred later in the organism's life, inactivating the other allele of that tumor ...

  3. Causes of cancer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_cancer

    Hereditary cancers are primarily caused by an inherited genetic defect. A cancer syndrome or family cancer syndrome is a genetic disorder in which inherited genetic mutations in one or more genes predisposes the affected individuals to the development of cancers and may also cause the early onset of these cancers. Although cancer syndromes ...

  4. Oncogenomics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncogenomics

    Oncogenomics is a sub-field of genomics that characterizes cancer-associated genes.It focuses on genomic, epigenomic and transcript alterations in cancer. Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of DNA mutations and epigenetic alterations leading to unrestrained cell proliferation and neoplasm formation.

  5. Malignant transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malignant_transformation

    One underlying commonality in cancers is genetic mutation, acquired either by inheritance, or, more commonly, by mutations in one's somatic DNA over time. The mutations considered important in cancers are those that alter protein coding genes (the exome). As Vogelstein et al. point out, a typical tumor contains two to eight exome "driver gene ...

  6. DNA repair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_repair

    Individuals with an inherited impairment in any of 34 DNA repair genes (see article DNA repair-deficiency disorder) have an increased risk of cancer, with some defects causing up to a 100% lifetime chance of cancer (e.g. p53 mutations). [100] However, such germline mutations (which cause highly penetrant cancer syndromes) are the cause of only ...

  7. Mutagen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutagen

    Other carcinogens may cause cancer through a variety of mechanisms without producing mutations, such as tumour promotion, immunosuppression that reduces the ability to fight cancer cells or pathogens that can cause cancer, disruption of the endocrine system (e.g. in breast cancer), tissue-specific toxicity, and inflammation (e.g. in colorectal ...

  8. Somatic evolution in cancer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_evolution_in_cancer

    It should be able to cause tumor cells death through competition for nutrients. In the process of the treatment, cancer cells are most likely to evolve some form of resistance to the bacterial treatment. However, being a living organism, bacteria would coevolve with tumor cells, potentially eliminating the possibility of resistance. [116]

  9. Genotoxicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genotoxicity

    Genotoxicity is the property of chemical agents that damage the genetic information within a cell causing mutations, which may lead to cancer. While genotoxicity is often confused with mutagenicity, all mutagens are genotoxic, but some genotoxic substances are not mutagenic. The alteration can have direct or indirect effects on the DNA: the ...