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Vaman Shivram Apte (1858 – 9 August 1892 [1]) was an Indian lexicographer and a professor of Sanskrit at Pune's Fergusson College. He is best known for his compilation of a dictionary, The Student's English-Sanskrit Dictionary .
In 1813 he published the Sanskrit text with a free translation in English rhymed verse of Kalidasa's lyrical poem, the Meghadūta, or Cloud-Messenger. [ 2 ] [ 6 ] He prepared the first Sanskrit–English Dictionary (1819) from materials compiled by native scholars, supplemented by his own researches.
Arsha prayoga (Sanskrit: आर्षः प्रयोगः) is a common term for such linguistic usages in Sanskrit, which although not correct as per grammatical rules, are still exempted and deemed valid on account of their having been used by some ancient sages . Literally, the word Arsha has the following derivation:
Rigveda manuscript, Sanskrit in Devanagari script, India, early 19th century. Svādhyāya (Devanagari: स्वाध्याय) is a Sanskrit term which means self-study and especially the recitation of the Vedas and other sacred texts. [1] [2] [3] It is also a broader concept with several meanings.
The Pali word 'sādhu' is derived from the Sanskrit root 'sādh' which means 'to accomplish', 'to succeed', or 'to be efficient'. [11] [12] By adding the suffix '-u', it creates the adjective meaning 'accomplished' or 'efficient.' [13] The meaning describes someone who has succeeded in their spiritual or moral endeavors. [14]
Nirukta (Sanskrit: निरुक्त, IPA: [n̪iɾuktɐ], "explained, interpreted") is one of the six ancient Vedangas, or ancillary science connected with the Vedas – the scriptures of Hinduism. [1] [2] [3] Nirukta covers etymology, and is the study concerned with correct interpretation of Sanskrit words in the Vedas. [3]
Apte [4] gives this particular meaning and derivation, and Monier-Williams [5] also gives the same, with some qualification. Another form of this root means "to flow, to move near by flowing". (All the meanings and derivations cited above are based upon Sanskrit English Dictionary of Monier-Williams). [ 5 ]