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In placental mammals, the umbilical cord (also called the navel string, [1] birth cord or funiculus umbilicalis) is a conduit between the developing embryo or fetus and the placenta. During prenatal development , the umbilical cord is physiologically and genetically part of the fetus and (in humans) normally contains two arteries (the umbilical ...
The placenta (pl.: placentas or placentae) is a temporary embryonic and later fetal organ that begins developing from the blastocyst shortly after implantation.It plays critical roles in facilitating nutrient, gas and waste exchange between the physically separate maternal and fetal circulations, and is an important endocrine organ, producing hormones that regulate both maternal and fetal ...
In human reproduction, a live birth occurs when a fetus exits the mother showing any definite sign of life such as voluntary movement, heartbeat, or pulsation of the umbilical cord, for however brief a time and regardless of whether the umbilical cord or placenta are intact. [1] After the fetus is expelled from the maternal body it is called a ...
Delaying the clamping allows blood to flow from the placenta to the baby while the baby’s lungs fill with air. ... Waiting at least two minutes before clamping the umbilical cord of a premature ...
"In these cases the entire placenta and umbilical cord need to be sent to the laboratory for examination," she says. "The parent would have to speak with the laboratory to determine if a piece of ...
The fetal circulation is composed of the placenta, umbilical blood vessels encapsulated by the umbilical cord, heart and systemic blood vessels. A major difference between the fetal circulation and postnatal circulation is that the lungs are not used during the fetal stage resulting in the presence of shunts to move oxygenated blood and ...
The amniotic sac and its filling provide a liquid that surrounds and cushions the fetus. It is a site of exchange of essential substances, such as oxygen, between the umbilical cord and the fetus. [9] It allows the fetus to move freely within the walls of the uterus. [citation needed] Buoyancy is also provided.
The second stage ends when the infant is fully expelled. In the third stage, the delivery of the placenta. [16] The fourth stage of labour involves recovery, the uterus beginning to contract to pre-pregnancy state, delayed clamping of the umbilical cord, and monitoring of the neonatal tone and vitals. [17]