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Solutions of the equation are also called roots or zeros of the polynomial on the left side. The theorem states that each rational solution x = p ⁄ q, written in lowest terms so that p and q are relatively prime, satisfies: p is an integer factor of the constant term a 0, and; q is an integer factor of the leading coefficient a n.
The simplified equation is not entirely equivalent to the original. For when we substitute y = 0 and z = 0 in the last equation, both sides simplify to 0, so we get 0 = 0 , a mathematical truth. But the same substitution applied to the original equation results in x /6 + 0/0 = 1 , which is mathematically meaningless .
However, these techniques and results can often be used to bound the number of solutions of such equations. Nevertheless, a refinement of Baker's theorem by Feldman provides an effective bound: if x is an algebraic number of degree n over the rational numbers, then there exist effectively computable constants c(x) > 0 and 0 < d(x) < n such that
Understanding rational points is a central goal of number theory and Diophantine geometry. For example, Fermat's Last Theorem may be restated as: for n > 2, the Fermat curve of equation + = has no other rational points than (1, 0), (0, 1), and, if n is even, (–1, 0) and (0, –1).
In mathematics, a rational function is any function that can be defined by a rational fraction, which is an algebraic fraction such that both the numerator and the denominator are polynomials. The coefficients of the polynomials need not be rational numbers ; they may be taken in any field K .
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For example, all rational numbers have degree 1, and an algebraic number of degree 2 is a quadratic irrational. The algebraic numbers are dense in the reals . This follows from the fact they contain the rational numbers, which are dense in the reals themselves.
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