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2. Bicuspid aortic valve - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicuspid_aortic_valve

   A bicuspid aortic valve may cause the heart's aortic valve to narrow (aortic stenosis). [6] This narrowing prevents the valve from opening fully, which reduces or blocks blood flow from the heart to the body. In some cases, the aortic valve does not close tightly, causing blood to leak backward into the left ventricle. [10]

3. Turner syndrome - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turner_syndrome

   CHDs associated with Turner syndrome include bicuspid aortic valves (30%), coarctation of the aorta (15%), and abnormalities of the arteries in the head and neck. [17] A rare but potentially fatal complication of heart defects in Turner syndrome is aortic dissection, where the inner layer of the aorta tears open. Aortic dissection is six times ...

4. Aortic stenosis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_stenosis

   Causes include being born with a bicuspid aortic valve, and rheumatic fever; a normal valve may also harden over the decades due to calcification. [2] [1] A bicuspid aortic valve affects about one to two percent of the population. [1] As of 2014 rheumatic heart disease mostly occurs in the developing world. [1]

5. Coarctation of the aorta - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coarctation_of_the_aorta

   People who have had a coarctation of the aorta are likely to have bicuspid aortic valve disease. Between 20% and 85% of patients are affected by this disease. Bicuspid aortic valve disease is a big contributor to cardiac failure, which in turn makes up roughly 20% of late deaths to coarctation patients. [24]

6. Ross procedure - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_procedure

   [11] [13] In 1967 Ross took the normal pulmonary valve of a person with severe aortic valve disease, and placed it in the aortic position where the diseased aortic valve was removed. [11] To reconstruct the missing pulmonary outflow tract, a homograft stored and sterilised from a cadaver was used to replace the removed pulmonary valve. [11]

7. Aortic valve repair - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_valve_repair

   Bicuspid aortic valve which had to be operated on for severe regurgitation. Two of the cusps (upper side right and left) are grown together (fused) since birth. The lack of closure is seen in the central part of the valve, it is caused by stretching of the fused cusp. In bicuspid aortic valve anatomy, there is congenital fusion of two cusps.