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The Categories (Greek Κατηγορίαι Katēgoriai; Latin Categoriae or Praedicamenta) is a text from Aristotle's Organon that enumerates all the possible kinds of things that can be the subject or the predicate of a proposition. They are "perhaps the single most heavily discussed of all Aristotelian notions". [1]
The scholars of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries developed Aristotle's ideas. [6] For example, Gilbert of Poitiers divides Aristotle's ten categories into two sets, primary and secondary, according to whether they inhere in the subject or not: Primary categories: Substance, Relation, Quantity and Quality
11. A summary of Aristotle's Categories, a portion of his Organon; it tries to encompass all things under the ten categories of Aristotle. 12. A summary of De Interpretatione, another subsection of his Organon; an essay defending the usefulness of logic in general is included after its discussion of Aristotle's propositions. 13.
The Isagoge (Greek: Εἰσαγωγή, Eisagōgḗ; / ˈ aɪ s ə ɡ oʊ dʒ iː /) or "Introduction" to Aristotle's "Categories", written by Porphyry in Greek and translated into Latin by Boethius, was the standard textbook on logic for at least a millennium after his death.
The Categoriae decem (Latin for "The Ten Categories"), also known as the Paraphrasis Themistiana ("Themistian Paraphrase"), is a Latin summary of Aristotle's Categories thought to date to the 4th century AD. Traditionally credited to St Augustine, it is now variously attributed to Themistius or Pseudo-Augustinus.
Aristotle interested himself with issues of logic, categories, and the creation of meaning. He separated all things into categories of species and genus. He thought that the meaning of a predicate was established through an abstraction of the similarities between various individual things.
According to Plato, lexis is the manner of speaking.Plato said that lexis can be divided into mimesis (imitation properly speaking) and diegesis (simple narrative). Gerard Genette states: "Plato's theoretical division, opposing the two pure and heterogeneous modes of narrative and imitation, within poetic diction, elicits and establishes a practical classification of genres, which includes the ...
However, there are clearly many more categories and sub-categories. For nouns, the plural, possessive, and singular forms can be distinguished. In many languages words are also marked for their case (role as subject, object, etc.), grammatical gender, and so on; while verbs are marked for tense, aspect, and other things.