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Arterial emboli form in the left side of the heart or the main arteries, they impact in body tissues but not the lungs, commonly in the brain and the small vessels in the upper and lower limbs Venous emboli arise in veins (for example emboli which form from deep venous thrombosis or DVT) and these impact in the lung (see pulmonary embolism ).
SVT in the lower extremities can lead to a dangerous complication in which the clot travels to the lungs, called pulmonary embolism (PE). [3] This is because lower limb SVTs can migrate from superficial veins into deeper veins. [3] In a French population, the percent of people with SVTs that also suffered from PEs was 4.7%. [3]
A lung illustration depicting a pulmonary embolism as a thrombus (blood clot) that has travelled from another region of the body, causes occlusion of the pulmonary bronchial artery, leading to arterial thrombosis of the superior and inferior lobes in the left lung: Specialty: Hematology, cardiology, pulmonology, Emergency medicine: Symptoms
If the impaired vein function causes significant symptoms, such as swelling and ulcer formation, it is referred to as chronic venous disease. [3] It is sometimes called chronic peripheral venous insufficiency and should not be confused with post-thrombotic syndrome in which the deep veins have been damaged by previous deep vein thrombosis .
While venous thrombosis of the legs is the most common form, venous thrombosis may occur in other veins. These may have particular specific risk factors: [5] Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, cavernous sinus thrombosis and jugular vein thrombosis: thrombosis of the veins of the brain and head
Vascular surgery An embolism is the lodging of an embolus , a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a blood vessel . [ 1 ] The embolus may be a blood clot ( thrombus ), a fat globule ( fat embolism ), a bubble of air or other gas ( gas embolism ), amniotic fluid ( amniotic fluid embolism ), or foreign material .
A thrombus, or a blood clot, is a mobilized mass of blood cells that circulates within the body. [21] [22] Thrombi can occlude veins (venous thrombosis) or arteries (arterial thrombosis). The etiology of thrombosis is described by Virchow's Triad, which includes hemostasis, vascular wall damage, and hypercoagulability. [21]
Other symptoms may include fever and decreased urine output. [2] The risk of death is about 10%. [2] Fat embolism most commonly occurs as a result of fractures of bones such as the femur or pelvis. [3] [1] Other potential causes include pancreatitis, orthopedic surgery, bone marrow transplant, and liposuction.