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Clonazepam, sold under the brand name Klonopin among others, is a benzodiazepine medication used to prevent and treat anxiety disorders, seizures, bipolar mania, agitation associated with psychosis, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and akathisia. [11] It is a long-acting [12] tranquilizer of the benzodiazepine class. [11]
Some of the symptoms that could possibly occur as a result of a withdrawal from benzodiazepines after long-term use include emotional clouding, [1] flu-like symptoms, [5] suicide, [11] nausea, headaches, dizziness, irritability, lethargy, sleep problems, memory impairment, personality changes, aggression, depression, social deterioration as ...
APA does not recommend benzodiazepines for persons with depressive symptoms or a recent history of substance use disorder. APA guidelines state that, in general, pharmacotherapy of panic disorder should be continued for at least a year, and that clinical experience supports continuing benzodiazepine treatment to prevent recurrence.
More serious symptoms may also occur such as depersonalization, restless legs syndrome, seizures, and suicidal ideation. Benzodiazepine withdrawal can also lead to disturbances in mental function that persist for several months or years after onset of symptoms (referred to as post-acute-withdrawal syndrome in this form).
Severe symptoms include coma and respiratory depression. Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment of benzodiazepine overdose. There is an antidote, flumazenil, but its use is controversial. [2] Deaths from single-drug benzodiazepine overdoses occur infrequently, [3] particularly after the point of hospital admission. [4]
The Federal Aviation Administration allows zaleplon with a 12-hour wait period and no more than twice a week, which makes it the sleep medication with the shortest allowed waiting period after use. [47] The substances with the 2nd shortest period, which is of 24 hours, are zolpidem and ramelteon. [47]
Once signed into the facility, Peterson wasn’t permitted to leave until his three months were up — precisely 92 days and five hours, he recalled. “It didn’t make any sense to me then. It wasn’t treatment,” he said. “I don’t know what you’d call it.” Peterson relapsed immediately after he left Camarillo.
Flumazenil's short half-life requires multiple doses. Because of the potential risks of withdrawal symptoms and the drug's short half-life, patients must be carefully monitored to prevent recurrence of overdose symptoms or adverse side effects. Flumazenil is also sometimes used after surgery to reverse the sedative effects of benzodiazepines.