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In this case particular lambda terms (which define functions) are considered as values. "Running" (beta reducing) the fixed-point combinator on the encoding gives a lambda term for the result which may then be interpreted as fixed-point value. Alternately, a function may be considered as a lambda term defined purely in lambda calculus.
Higher-order programming is a style of computer programming that uses software components, like functions, modules or objects, as values. It is usually instantiated with, or borrowed from, models of computation such as lambda calculus which make heavy use of higher-order functions. A programming language can be considered higher-order if ...
In computer science, the count-distinct problem [1] (also known in applied mathematics as the cardinality estimation problem) is the problem of finding the number of distinct elements in a data stream with repeated elements. This is a well-known problem with numerous applications.
After a function's value is computed for that parameter or set of parameters, the result is stored in a lookup table that is indexed by the values of those parameters; the next time the function is called, the table is consulted to determine whether the result for that combination of parameter values is already available. If so, the stored ...
The French rape trial that shocked the world and sparked widespread calls for justice for women rape victims ended on Thursday with the conviction of 51 men for raping and attempting to rape ...
Now that the holiday gifts have been unwrapped, it's time for the rush to make returns.. As Latonya Rascoe was getting the last wave of Christmas gifts ready to ship out of a Fedex office in ...
Pamela Anderson and movie producer Jon Peters were widely reported to be married briefly in January 2020, though Anderson has since said they never legally wed
where the smoothed count ^ = ^, and the "pseudocount" α > 0 is a smoothing parameter, with α = 0 corresponding to no smoothing (this parameter is explained in § Pseudocount below). Additive smoothing is a type of shrinkage estimator , as the resulting estimate will be between the empirical probability ( relative frequency ) x i / N ...