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Soil also has carbon sequestration abilities where carbon dioxide is fixed in the soil by plant uptakes. [17] This accounts for the majority of the soil organic matter (SOM) in the ground, and creates a large storage pool (around 1500 Pg) for carbon in just the first few meters of soil and 20-40% of that organic carbon has a residence life ...
These properties are storativity (S), specific storage (S s) and specific yield (S y). According to Groundwater, by Freeze and Cherry (1979), specific storage, [m −1], of a saturated aquifer is defined as the volume of water that a unit volume of the aquifer releases from storage under a unit decline in hydraulic head. [1]
Soil carbon storage is an important function of terrestrial ecosystems. Soil contains more carbon than plants and the atmosphere combined. [1] Understanding what maintains the soil carbon pool is important to understand the current distribution of carbon on Earth, and how it will respond to environmental change.
This is done by increasing the rate at which carbon is sequestered into soil and plant material. One option is to increase the soil's organic matter content. This can also aid plant growth, improve soil water retention capacity [86] and reduce fertilizer use. [87] Sustainable forest management is another tool that is used in carbon farming. [88]
Soils are complex systems and their complexity resides in their heterogeneous nature: a mixture of air, water, minerals, organic compounds, and living organisms. The spatial variation, both horizontal and vertical, of all these constituents is related to soil forming agents varying from micro to macro scales. [19]
More recently, the role of living plants has been emphasized where carbon is released as plants grow. [17] Soils can contain up to 5% carbon by weight, including decomposing plant and animal matter and biochar. About half of soil carbon is found within deep soils. [18] About 90% of this is stabilized by mineral–organic associations. [19]
The plants behind drought tolerance are complex and involve many pathways which allows plants to respond to specific sets of conditions at any given time. Some of these interactions include stomatal conductance , carotenoid degradation and anthocyanin accumulation, the intervention of osmoprotectants (such as sucrose , glycine , and proline ...
Irrigating soil above field capacity risks percolation losses. Wilting point describes the dry limit for growing plants. During growing season, soil moisture is unaffected by functional groups or specie richness. [63] Available water capacity is the amount of water held in a soil profile