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Iron overload (also known as haemochromatosis or hemochromatosis) is the abnormal and increased accumulation of total iron in the body, leading to organ damage. [1] The primary mechanism of organ damage is oxidative stress, as elevated intracellular iron levels increase free radical formation via the Fenton reaction.
Hepcidin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAMP gene. Hepcidin is a key regulator of the entry of iron into the circulation in mammals. [6]During conditions in which the hepcidin level is abnormally high, such as inflammation, serum iron falls due to iron trapping within macrophages and liver cells and decreased gut iron absorption.
Haemochromatosis is protean in its manifestations, i.e., often presenting with signs or symptoms suggestive of other diagnoses that affect specific organ systems.Many of the signs and symptoms below are uncommon, and most patients with the hereditary form of haemochromatosis do not show any overt signs of disease nor do they have premature morbidity, if they are diagnosed early, but, more ...
Absorption of dietary iron in iron salt form (as in most supplements) varies somewhat according to the body's need for iron, and is usually between 10% and 20% of iron intake. Absorption of iron from animal products, and some plant products, is in the form of heme iron, and is more efficient, allowing absorption of from 15% to 35% of intake.
[1] [2] Overdoses on iron can be categorized as unintentional ingestion which is predominantly associated with children or intentional ingestion involving suicide attempts in adults. [3] Unintentional ingestion of iron containing drug products are a major cause of mortality in children under the age of 6 years old in the United States. [3]
Growth hormone treatment is a safe and effective therapy that’s often used to treat children and adults with a deficiency in human growth hormone (also known as HGH or somatropin).
Cooler-than-average water temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean are still expected to reach the criteria for a weak La Niña by the end of January, according to an updated outlook released ...
Hemochromatosis type 4B is characterized by abnormal iron release from macrophages and enterocytes because the mutant ferroportin is resistant to the hepcidin protein, which serves a regulatory function in wild-type ferroportin. [9] Intestinal iron absorption and release of iron from macrophages is increased. [3]