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Negative-strand RNA viruses (−ssRNA viruses) are a group of related viruses that have negative-sense, single-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid (RNA). They have genomes that act as complementary strands from which messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized by the viral enzyme RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). During replication of the ...
Paramyxoviridae (from Greek para-“by the side of” and myxa “mucus”) is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Mononegavirales. [1] [2] Vertebrates serve as natural hosts. [3] Diseases associated with this family include measles, mumps, and respiratory tract infections. [4]
Viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae contain six to eight segments of linear negative-sense single stranded RNA. They have a total genome length that is 10,000–14,600 nucleotides (nt). [7] The influenza A genome, for instance, has eight pieces of segmented negative-sense RNA (13.5 kilobases total). [8]
Viruses that replicate via RdRp belong to three groups in the Baltimore classification system, all of which are in the kingdom Orthornavirae: single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses, which are either positive (+) or negative (-) sense, and double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA). +ssRNA viruses have genomes that can functionally act as mRNA, and a ...
First, the negative-sense RNA is transcribed to produce mRNA and a full-length replicative intermediate. From this intermediate, a subgenomic mRNA encoding the small segment nonstructural protein is produced while the polymerase produced following the first round of transcription can now replicate the full-length RNA to produce viral genomes.
In contrast, purified RNA of a negative-sense virus is not infectious by itself as it needs to be transcribed into positive-sense RNA; each virion can be transcribed to several positive-sense RNAs. Ambisense RNA viruses resemble negative-sense RNA viruses, except they translate genes from their negative and positive strands. [6]
Rhabdoviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Mononegavirales. [1] ... This in turn is used to produce more negative-sense genomic RNA. The ...
Artoviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Mononegavirales. [1] [2] Barnacles, copepods, odonates, parasitoid wasps, pile worms, and woodlice serve as natural hosts. [2] The group name derives from arthropod the phylum of its hosts. [3] Members of the family were initially discovered by high throughput sequencing. [4] [5]