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  2. United States vehicle emission standards - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_vehicle...

    A representative dynamometer-based emissions test station. For model years prior to 1996, emissions tests were performed using a chassis dynamometer-based test; The vehicle is driven so that the wheels of its main driven axle (front or rear) sit atop the dynamometer rotors, when then are unlocked to rotate freely. A special collections line is ...

  3. European emission standards - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards

    [66] [68] The 2019 Regulation set new emission targets relative to a 2021 baseline, with a reduction of the average CO 2 emissions from new cars by 15% in 2025, and by 37.5% in 2030. For light-commercial vehicles the new targets are a 15% reduction for 2025 and a 31% reduction for 2030. [67] [69] Specific emissions targets for passenger cars

  4. Volkswagen emissions scandal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_emissions_scandal

    Of the buyback, 138,000 had been completed by 18 February 2017 with 150,000 more to be returned. 52,000 chose to keep their cars. 67,000 diesel cars from model year 2015 were cleared for repairs, but left uncertainty about the future of 325,000 "Generation One" diesel VWs from the 2009–2014 model years, which use the "lean NO x trap" and ...

  5. NOx - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx

    SCR is now being used in ships, [38] diesel trucks and in some diesel cars. The use of exhaust gas recirculation and catalytic converters in motor vehicle engines have significantly reduced vehicular emissions. NO x was the main focus of the Volkswagen emissions violations.

  6. Selective catalytic reduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction

    SCR systems are now the preferred method for meeting Tier 4 Final and EURO 6 diesel emissions standards for heavy trucks, cars and light commercial vehicles. As a result, emissions of NOx, particulates, and hydrocarbons have been lowered by as much as 95% when compared with pre-emissions engines. [2]

  7. Emission standard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emission_standard

    EU Regulation No 443/2009 set an average CO 2 emissions target for new passenger cars of 130 grams per kilometre. The target was gradually phased in between 2012 and 2015. A target of 95 grams per kilometre applies from 2021. For light commercial vehicle, an emissions target of 175 g/km applies from 2017, and 147 g/km from 2020, [67] a ...

  8. AIR Index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIR_Index

    AIR Index is a British standardised motor vehicle emissions ranking system introduced in February 2019 by Allow Independent Road-testing (AIR). The objective of the system is to encourage the use of independent and meaningful motor vehicle NOx emissions tests to robustly inform consumers and policymakers of the real-world impact motor vehicles will have on urban air quality.

  9. Defeat device - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defeat_device

    1995 Cadillac Seville disengaged emissions controls whenever heat or air conditioning was on. In 1995, General Motors was ordered to recall 470,000 model year 1991 through 1995 Cadillacs and pay an $11 million fine for programming the car's electronic control unit (ECU) to enrich the fuel mixture any time the car's air conditioning or cabin heat was operating, since the EPA tests are conducted ...