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  2. Cognitive dissonance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance

    In The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance: A Current Perspective [96] (Aronson, Berkowitz, 1969), Elliot Aronson linked cognitive dissonance to the self-concept: That mental stress arises when the conflicts among cognitions threatens the person's positive self-image. This reinterpretation of the original Festinger and Carlsmith study, using the ...

  3. 7 Signs You’re Experiencing Cognitive Dissonance - AOL

    www.aol.com/7-signs-experiencing-cognitive...

    Cognitive dissonance happens when your values and beliefs are challenged by social pressure, learning new information, having to make a quick decision, or behaving in a way that doesn’t align ...

  4. Elliot Aronson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliot_Aronson

    Elliot Aronson (born January 9, 1932) is an American psychologist who has carried out experiments on the theory of cognitive dissonance and invented the Jigsaw Classroom, a cooperative teaching technique that facilitates learning while reducing interethnic hostility and prejudice.

  5. Self-justification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-justification

    Cognitive dissonance is a state of tension that occurs whenever a person holds two inconsistent cognitions. For example, "Smoking will shorten my life, and I wish to live for as long as possible," and yet "I smoke three packs a day." Dissonance is bothersome in any circumstance but it is especially painful when an important element of self ...

  6. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    Cognitive dissonance is the perception of contradictory information and the mental toll of it. Normalcy bias, a form of cognitive dissonance, is the refusal to plan for, or react to, a disaster which has never happened before.

  7. Disconfirmed expectancy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disconfirmed_expectancy

    Disconfirmed expectancy is a psychological term for what is commonly known as a failed prophecy.According to the American social psychologist Leon Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance, disconfirmed expectancies create a state of psychological discomfort because the outcome contradicts expectancy.

  8. Choice-supportive bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choice-supportive_bias

    The theory of cognitive dissonance proposes that people have a motivational drive to reduce dissonance. Choice-supportive bias is potentially related to the aspect of cognitive dissonance explored by Jack Brehm (1956) as postdecisional dissonance. Within the context of cognitive dissonance, choice-supportive bias would be seen as reducing the ...

  9. Moral Injury: The Grunts - The ... - The Huffington Post

    projects.huffingtonpost.com/projects/moral...

    Most people enter military service “with the fundamental sense that they are good people and that they are doing this for good purposes, on the side of freedom and country and God,” said Dr. Wayne Jonas, a military physician for 24 years and president and CEO of the Samueli Institute, a non-profit health research organization.