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  2. Charles Rugeley Bury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Rugeley_Bury

    Charles Rugeley Bury (29 June 1890 – 30 December 1968) was an English physical chemist who proposed an early model of the atom with the arrangement of electrons, which explained their chemical properties, alongside the more dominant model of Niels Bohr. In some early papers, the model was called the "Bohr-Bury Atom".

  3. History of atomic theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_atomic_theory

    The current theoretical model of the atom involves a dense nucleus surrounded by a probabilistic "cloud" of electrons. Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries.

  4. Timeline of chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_chemistry

    An image from John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, the first modern explanation of atomic theory.. This timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.

  5. Discovery of the neutron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_the_neutron

    Pions and kaons were discovered in 1947, while lambda particles were discovered in 1950. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, a large number of particles called hadrons were discovered. A classification scheme for organizing all these particles, proposed independently by Murray Gell-Mann [ 106 ] and George Zweig [ 107 ] [ 108 ] in 1964, became known ...

  6. Atomic nucleus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus

    The adoption of the term "nucleus" to atomic theory, however, was not immediate. In 1916, for example, Gilbert N. Lewis stated, in his famous article The Atom and the Molecule, that "the atom is composed of the kernel and an outer atom or shell." [12] Similarly, the term kern meaning kernel is used for nucleus in German and Dutch.

  7. Timeline of condensed matter physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_condensed...

    1897 – J. J. Thomson's experimentation with cathode rays led him to suggest a fundamental unit more than a 1000 times smaller than an atom, based on the high charge-to-mass ratio. He called the particle a "corpuscle", but later scientists preferred the term electron. [52]

  8. Timeline of atomic and subatomic physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_atomic_and...

    1897 J. J. Thomson discovered the electron; 1897 Emil Wiechert, Walter Kaufmann and J.J. Thomson discover the electron; 1898 Marie and Pierre Curie discovered the existence of the radioactive elements radium and polonium in their research of pitchblende; 1898 William Ramsay and Morris Travers discover neon, and negatively charged beta particles

  9. Discovery of nuclear fission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_nuclear_fission

    Subsequently, Paul Villard discovered a third type of Becquerel radiation which, following Rutherford's scheme, were called "gamma rays", and Curie noted that radium also produced a radioactive gas. Identifying the gas chemically proved frustrating; Rutherford and Frederick Soddy found it to be inert, much like argon.