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A texture map (left). The corresponding normal map in tangent space (center). The normal map applied to a sphere in object space (right). Normal map reuse is made possible by encoding maps in tangent space. The tangent space is a vector space, which is tangent to the model's surface. The coordinate system varies smoothly (based on the ...
In geometry, a normal is an object (e.g. a line, ray, or vector) that is perpendicular to a given object. For example, the normal line to a plane curve at a given point is the line perpendicular to the tangent line to the curve at the point. A normal vector of length one is called a unit normal vector.
Normal map may refer to: Normal mapping in 3D computer graphics; Normal invariants in mathematical surgery theory; Normal matrix in linear algebra;
The target application, normal mapping, is an extension of bump mapping that simulates lighting on geometric surfaces by reading surface normals from a rectilinear grid analogous to a texture map - giving simple models the impression of increased complexity. This additional channel however increases the load on the graphics system's memory ...
Normal coordinates exist on a normal neighborhood of a point p in M. A normal neighborhood U is an open subset of M such that there is a proper neighborhood V of the origin in the tangent space T p M, and exp p acts as a diffeomorphism between U and V. On a normal neighborhood U of p in M, the chart is given by:
The modified surface normal is then used for lighting calculations (using, for example, the Phong reflection model) giving the appearance of detail instead of a smooth surface. Bump mapping is much faster and consumes fewer resources for the same level of detail compared to displacement mapping because the geometry remains unchanged.
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In mathematics, a normal map is a concept in geometric topology due to William Browder which is of fundamental importance in surgery theory.Given a Poincaré complex X (more geometrically a Poincaré space), a normal map on X endows the space, roughly speaking, with some of the homotopy-theoretic global structure of a closed manifold.