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  2. Biofilm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm

    A biofilm is a syntrophic community of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. [2] [3] These adherent cells become embedded within a slimy extracellular matrix that is composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs).

  3. Extracellular polymeric substance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular_polymeric...

    Microalgal biofilms consist of 90% EPS and 10% algal cells. Algal EPS has similar components to the bacterial one; it is made up of proteins, phospholipids, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, humic substances, uronic acids and some functional groups, such as phosphoric, carboxylic, hydroxyl and amino groups.

  4. Application of biofilms in industry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_of_biofilms_in...

    However, biofilm-based wastewater treatment systems often use less space, are more consistent, and produce less sludge. [4] Biofilms contain a high amount of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) which is made up of polysaccharides, proteins, DNA, and phospholipids.

  5. Intertidal biofilm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_biofilm

    Biofilms in marine environments Various biofilm components (including bacteria, algae, and fungi) are embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances.. An intertidal bioflim is a biofilm that forms on the intertidal region of bodies of water.

  6. Type VIII secretion system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_VIII_Secretion_System

    They are made mostly by gram-negative bacteria and, upon secretion, they form compact clusters around the outside of the cell. [2] The main function of the curli fibers involves their interactions with biofilms. In pathogenic bacteria, curlis can contribute to virulence by helping in cell invasion and activating the innate immune response.

  7. Phototrophic biofilm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phototrophic_biofilm

    The EPS, which is akin to a gel, is a matrix which provides structure for the biofilm and is essential for growth and functionality. It consists of organic compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins, and glycolipids and may also include inorganic substances like silt and silica.

  8. Curli - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curli

    The Curli protein is a type of amyloid fiber produced by certain strains of enterobacteria. They are extracellular fibers located on bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella spp. [2] These fibers serve to promote cell community behavior through biofilm formation in the extracellular matrix. Amyloids are associated with several human ...

  9. Mother of vinegar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_of_vinegar

    Mother of vinegar in a bottle. Mother of vinegar is a biofilm composed of a form of cellulose, yeast, and bacteria that sometimes develops on fermenting alcoholic liquids during the process that turns alcohol into acetic acid with the help of oxygen from the air and acetic acid bacteria (AAB).

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