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Internal erosion is the formation of voids within a soil caused by the removal of material by seepage. [1] It is the second most common cause of failure in levees and one of the leading causes of failures in earth dams, [2] responsible for about half of embankment dam failures.
Seep is often used in environmental sciences to define an exfiltration zone (seepage zone) where contaminated water, e.g., from waste dumps, leaves a waste system area. Seeps are often important smaller wildlife water sources, and indicated by lower riparian vegetation.
Typically, porous soils are removed before compacted clay is applied to the bed and sides of a canal. [3] Another simple method of canal lining with soils entails applying a layer of compacted silt on top of the subgrade of the canal. [3] The use of soils as canal linings is efficient for controlling seepage, but not effective against weed ...
There are two primary mechanisms of stream bank erosion: fluvial erosion and mass failure. Fluvial erosion is the direct removal of soil particles by flowing water. The rate of fluvial erosion is determined both by the force of the flowing water (e.g. faster flow equals more force) and the resistance of the bank material to erosion (e.g. clay is generally more resistant to erosion than sand).
Much of the petroleum discovered in California during the 19th century was from observations of seeps. [32] The world's largest natural oil seepage is Coal Oil Point in the Santa Barbara Channel, California. [33] Three of the better known tar seep locations in California are McKittrick Tar Pits, [34] Carpinteria Tar Pits and the La Brea Tar ...
A landslide in which the sliding surface is located within the soil mantle or weathered bedrock (typically to a depth from few decimeters to some meters) is called a shallow landslide. Debris slides and debris flows are usually shallow. Shallow landslides can often happen in areas that have slopes with high permeable soils on top of low ...
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Dispersion is a process that occurs in soils that are particularly vulnerable to erosion by water. In soil layers where clays are saturated with sodium ions ("sodic soils"), soil can break down very easily into fine particles and wash away. This can lead to a variety of soil and water quality problems, including: