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When not inside a cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles called virions. A virion contains a genome (a long molecule that carries genetic information in the form of either DNA or RNA ) surrounded by a capsid (a protein coat protecting the genetic material).
The origins of viruses in the evolutionary history of life are unclear: some may have evolved from plasmids—pieces of DNA that can move between cells—while others may have evolved from bacteria. In evolution, viruses are an important means of horizontal gene transfer , which increases genetic diversity . [ 32 ]
These viruses infects amoebas and can survive in low temperatures. For years this virus was believed to be frozen, but due to climate change it has begun to show up again. [27] This is a double stranded DNA virus with its size being 610 kilobases long. The genome is estimated to code for 476 open reading frames.
Global warming may be a contributing factor in the spread of diseases like monkeypox to non-endemic areas. Monkeypox was designated a global health emergency by the World Health Organization on ...
The cell achieves its height in the water column by synthesising gas vesicles. As the cell rises up, it is able to increase its carbohydrate load through increased photosynthesis. Too high and the cell will suffer photobleaching and possible death, however, the carbohydrate produced during photosynthesis increases the cell's density, causing it ...
The high density of viruses and therefore of viral production (in comparison to surrounding deep-sea waters) implies that viruses are a significant source of microbial mortality at the vents. [33] As in other marine environments, deep-sea hydrothermal viruses affect the abundance and diversity of prokaryotes and therefore impact microbial ...
Viral shunt was first described in 1999 by Steven W. Wilhelm and Curtis A. Suttle. [6] Their original paper has since been cited over 1000 times. [7] For his contributions to understanding of viral roles in marine ecosystems, Suttle has received numerous awards, including being named a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, receiving the A.G. Huntsman Award for Excellence in Marine Science ...
Despite worsening drought conditions, global warming has already doubled the odds that California will experience a catastrophic 'megaflood.' Risk of catastrophic California 'megaflood' has ...