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Formal charges in ozone and the nitrate anion. In chemistry, a formal charge (F.C. or q*), in the covalent view of chemical bonding, is the hypothetical charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, assuming that electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally between atoms, regardless of relative electronegativity.
Different ways of representing a methyl group (highlighted in blue). In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH 3 (whereas normal methane has the formula CH 4).
In terms of Lewis structures, formal charge is used in the description, comparison, and assessment of likely topological and resonance structures [7] by determining the apparent electronic charge of each atom within, based upon its electron dot structure, assuming exclusive covalency or non-polar bonding.
Under the framework of valence bond theory, resonance is an extension of the idea that the bonding in a chemical species can be described by a Lewis structure. For many chemical species, a single Lewis structure, consisting of atoms obeying the octet rule, possibly bearing formal charges, and connected by bonds of positive integer order, is sufficient for describing the chemical bonding and ...
The molecular geometry of the methyl radical is trigonal planar (bond angles are 120°), although the energy cost of distortion to a pyramidal geometry is small. All other electron-neutral, non-conjugated alkyl radicals are pyramidalized to some extent, though with very small inversion barriers.
In contrast, formal charges and unpaired electrons on main-group elements are always explicitly shown. In the standard depiction of a molecule, the canonical form (resonance structure) with the greatest contribution is drawn. However, the skeletal formula is understood to represent the "real molecule" – that is, the weighted average of all ...
Formal charges have been filed against an Everett man accused of providing fentanyl to two other prisoners in his housing area in the Whatcom County Jail, resulting in the death of one man and the ...
A formal charge of charge=2 can be abbreviated as +2, and vice versa for negative charges; -and + is additionally recognized as −1 or +1 charges. * is a shorthand for spin=d . Stereochemistry on atoms is mostly tetrahedral, with the R / S and D / L available among others; it can be explicit ( E ) or relative ( R ), or specify a mixture ( M ...