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John of Ibelin, known as the Old Lord of Beirut, was granted the lordship of the city in 1204. He rebuilt the city after its destruction by the Ayyubids and also built the House of Ibelin palace in Beirut. [67] Beirut Castle and waterfront, 1868. In 1291 Beirut was captured and the Crusaders expelled by the Mamluk army of Sultan al-Ashraf Khalil.
Beirut (/ b eɪ ˈ r uː t / ⓘ, bay-ROOT; [4] Arabic: بيروت, romanized: Bayrūt ⓘ) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.As of 2014, Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, just under half of Lebanon's population, [5] which makes it the fourth-largest city in the Levant region and the sixteenth-largest in the Arab world.
Gubla was the first Canaanite city to trade actively with Egypt and the pharaohs of the Old Kingdom (2686-2181 BC), exporting cedar, olive oil, and wine, while importing gold and other products from the Nile Valley. [citation needed]
It is the world's third-oldest obelisk, and by far the oldest obelisk found outside Egypt. Although only approximately a dozen words long, the obelisk contains: the name of one of the oldest known kings of Byblos, Abishemu I; the earliest reference to the Lukka people, known from numerous later Egyptian and Hittite sources [1] [2]
Name Historical region Present location Continuously inhabited since Notes Girga (as Thinis) Ancient Egypt Egypt: c. 3273 BC Settlement served as the capital of the first Pharaoh of Egypt, Narmer (c. 3273–2987 BC) [1] Faiyum (as Shedet) Ancient Egypt Egypt: c. 2181 BC Settlement established by the Old Kingdom (c. 2686–2181 BC) [1]
This is a list of known ancient Egyptian towns and cities. [1] The list is for sites intended for permanent settlement and does not include fortresses and other locations of intermittent habitation. a capital of ancient Egypt
While a number of biblical place names like Jerusalem, Athens, Damascus, Alexandria, Babylon and Rome have been used for centuries, some have changed over the years. Many place names in the Land of Israel, Holy Land and Palestine are Arabised forms of ancient Hebrew and Canaanite place-names used during biblical times [1] [2] [3] or later Aramaic or Greek formations.
Tyre juts out from the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, and is located about 80 km (50 mi) south of Beirut.It originally consisted of two distinct urban centres: Tyre itself, which was on an island just 500 to 700m offshore, and the associated settlement of Ushu on the adjacent mainland, later called Palaetyrus, meaning "Old Tyre" in Ancient Greek. [7]