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For instance, using a 32-bit format, 16 bits may be used for the integer and 16 for the fraction. The eight's bit is followed by the four's bit, then the two's bit, then the one's bit. The fractional bits continue the pattern set by the integer bits. The next bit is the half's bit, then the quarter's bit, then the ⅛'s bit, and so on. For example:
0101 (decimal 5) OR 0011 (decimal 3) = 0111 (decimal 7) The bitwise OR may be used to set to 1 the selected bits of the register described above. For example, the fourth bit of 0010 (decimal 2) may be set by performing a bitwise OR with the pattern with only the fourth bit set: 0010 (decimal 2) OR 1000 (decimal 8) = 1010 (decimal 10)
The MSb is similarly referred to as the high-order bit or left-most bit. In both cases, the LSb and MSb correlate directly to the least significant digit and most significant digit of a decimal integer. Bit indexing correlates to the positional notation of the value in base 2.
With the 52 bits of the fraction (F) significand appearing in the memory format, the total precision is therefore 53 bits (approximately 16 decimal digits, 53 log 10 (2) ≈ 15.955). The bits are laid out as follows: The real value assumed by a given 64-bit double-precision datum with a given biased exponent and a 52-bit fraction is
If ten bits are used to represent the value "11 1111 0001" (decimal negative 15) using two's complement, and this is sign extended to 16 bits, the new representation is "1111 1111 1111 0001". Thus, by padding the left side with ones, the negative sign and the value of the original number are maintained.
The Q notation is a way to specify the parameters of a binary fixed point number format. For example, in Q notation, the number format denoted by Q8.8 means that the fixed point numbers in this format have 8 bits for the integer part and 8 bits for the fraction part. A number of other notations have been used for the same purpose.
Be aware that the bit numbering used here for e.g. b 9 … b 0 is in opposite direction than that used in the document for the IEEE 754 standard b 0 … b 9, add. the decimal digits are numbered 0-base here while in opposite direction and 1-based in the IEEE 754 paper. The bits on white background are not counting for the value, but signal how ...
The decimal number 0.15625 10 represented in binary is 0.00101 2 (that is, 1/8 + 1/32). (Subscripts indicate the number base.) Analogous to scientific notation, where numbers are written to have a single non-zero digit to the left of the decimal point, we rewrite this number so it has a single 1 bit to the left of the "binary point". We simply ...