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Acute-phase serum amyloid A proteins (A-SAAs) are secreted during the acute phase of inflammation.These proteins have several roles, including the transport of cholesterol to the liver for secretion into the bile, the recruitment of immune cells to inflammatory sites, and the induction of enzymes that degrade extracellular matrix.
Serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SAA1 gene. [5] [6] [7] SAA1 is a major acute-phase protein mainly produced by hepatocytes in response to infection, tissue injury and malignancy. [8] When released into blood circulation, SAA1 is present as an apolipoprotein associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). [9]
Amyloidosis is confirmed by histological identification of amyloid deposits. At this point, amyloid typing with immunochemical staining is necessary, as the differential diagnosis includes AA amyloidosis, AL amyloidosis, hereditary amyloidosis, dialysis-related amyloidosis and age-related systemic amyloidosis.
To date, 37 human proteins have been found to form amyloid in pathology and be associated with well-defined diseases. [2] The International Society of Amyloidosis classifies amyloid fibrils and their associated diseases based upon associated proteins (for example ATTR is the group of diseases and associated fibrils formed by TTR). [3]
6289 20210 Ensembl ENSG00000134339 ENSMUSG00000040026 UniProt P0DJI9 P04918 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_030754 NM_001127380 NM_011315 RefSeq (protein) NP_001120852 NP_110381 NP_035445 Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 18.24 – 18.25 Mb Chr 7: 46.36 – 46.37 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Serum amyloid A protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SAA2 gene. References ^ a b c ...
Accumulation of amyloid proteins in the liver can lead to elevations in serum aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase, two biomarkers of liver injury, which is seen in about one third of people. [11] Liver enlargement is common. In contrast, spleen enlargement is rare, occurring in 5% of people. [10]
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Positive acute-phase proteins serve (as part of the innate immune system) different physiological functions within the immune system.Some act to destroy or inhibit growth of microbes, e.g., C-reactive protein, mannose-binding protein, [3] complement factors, ferritin, ceruloplasmin, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin.
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