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Marhaenism (Indonesian: Marhaenisme) is a socialistic political ideology originated and developed by the first President of Indonesia, Sukarno. [1] It was developed from the ideas of Marxism applied according to the nature and culture of Indonesia, or simply described as "Marxism adapted to Indonesian conditions". [2]
The end of New Order results in phobia on Pancasila, but Indonesia still maintains a consensus by declaring Pancasila as the nation's ideology. [26] Despite such adjustment of Pancasila practice and implementation to the regime, Pancasila is the basis of Indonesia country and the nation's view of life. [ 26 ]
The "Old Order" (1950–1965) in Indonesia has long been understood to be a period of turmoil and crisis, characterized by rebellions and political unrest. The weakness of Indonesia's democracy and its gradual transition to authoritarianism during the Old Order can be attributed to conventional modernization theory, which suggests that without strong socioeconomic structures, successful ...
Pemuilu untuk Pemula: Modul 1 (PDF). Komisi Pemilihan Umum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-12-10; Setiawan, Bambang; Nainggolan, Bestian, eds. (2004). Partai-Partai Politik Indonesia: Ideologi dan Program 2004–2009 [Indonesian Political Parties: Ideologies and Programs 2004–2009] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Kompas.
Nasakom (Indonesian: Nasionalisme, Agama, Komunisme), which stands for nationalism, religion and communism, was a political concept coined by President Sukarno. This concept prevailed in Indonesia from 1959 during the Guided Democracy Era until the New Order, in 1966. Sukarno's idea of Nasakom was an attempt to unify various political ideologies.
The Indonesian Democratic Party (Indonesian: Partai Demokrasi Indonesia, abbr. PDI) was a political party in Indonesia which existed from 1973 to 2003. During the New Order era, the PDI was one of the two state-approved parties, the other being the Islam-based United Development Party (PPP).
After Indonesia declared independence in 1945 and was recognized as independent of the Netherlands following the 1949 Indonesian National Revolution, Indonesian nationalism persisted as a set of ideologies supporting the continued independence and development of the newly formed country.
Ideology: Pancasila Islamic democracy [2] Pluralism [3] Indonesian nationalism [4] Centrism [5] Political position: Centre [5] National affiliation: Advanced Indonesia Coalition: International affiliation: Centrist Democrat International: Regional affiliation: Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats Asia Pacific Democrat Union: Anthem