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The project ended on August 24, 2004 after researchers independently demonstrated a technique for generating collisions in MD5 using analytical methods by Xiaoyun Wang, Feng, Xuejia Lai, and Yu. [1] CertainKey awarded a 10,000 Canadian Dollar prize to Wang, Feng, Lai and Yu for their discovery. [2] Pollard's Rho collision search for a single path
Wang Xiaoyun (simplified Chinese: 王小云; traditional Chinese: 王小雲; pinyin: Wáng Xiǎoyún; born 1966) is a Chinese cryptographer, mathematician, and computer scientist. She is a professor in the Department of Mathematics and System Science of Shandong University and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences .
A hash of n bits can be broken in 2 n/2 time steps (evaluations of the hash function). Mathematically stated, a collision attack finds two different messages m1 and m2, such that hash(m1) = hash(m2). In a classical collision attack, the attacker has no control over the content of either message, but they are arbitrarily chosen by the algorithm.
In February 2005, an attack by Xiaoyun Wang, Yiqun Lisa Yin, and Hongbo Yu was announced which could find collisions in SHA-0 in 2 39 operations. [ 5 ] [ 35 ] Another attack in 2008 applying the boomerang attack brought the complexity of finding collisions down to 2 33.6 , which was estimated to take 1 hour on an average PC from the year 2008.
In 2005, Xiaoyun Wang announced an order-collision attack on the government's hash standard SHA-1. [1] [2] The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the body responsible for setting cryptographic standards in the United States, concluded this was a practical attack (as previous estimates were order-) and began encouraging additional research into hash functions and their ...
On 1 March 2005, Arjen Lenstra, Xiaoyun Wang, and Benne de Weger of Eindhoven University of Technology demonstrated [6] construction of two X.509 certificates with different public keys and the same MD5 hash, a demonstrably practical hash collision. The construction included private keys for both public keys.
On 1 March 2005, Arjen Lenstra, Xiaoyun Wang, and Benne de Weger demonstrated construction of two X.509 certificates with different public keys and the same MD5 hash value, a demonstrably practical collision. [8]
Collisions originally reported in 2004, [13] followed up by cryptanalysis paper in 2005. [19] RadioGatún: Up to 2 608 [20] 2 704: 2008-12-04 For a word size w between 1-64 bits, the hash provides a security claim of 2 9.5w. The attack can find a collision in 2 11w time. [21] RIPEMD-160 2 80: 48 of 80 rounds (2 51 time) 2006 Paper. [22] SHA-0: ...