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A lobectomy of the thyroid gland A total thyroidectomy. Hemithyroidectomy — Entire isthmus is removed along with 1 lobe. Done in benign diseases of only 1 lobe. Subtotal thyroidectomy — Removal of majority of both lobes leaving behind 4-5 grams (equivalent to the size of a normal thyroid gland) of thyroid tissue on one or both sides—this used to be the most common operation for ...
In thyroid cancer or Graves' disease, ablation therapy with radioactive iodine (131 I) can be used to remove trace thyroid tissue that may remain after thyroidectomy (surgical excision of the gland). For 131 I therapy to be effective, the trace thyroid tissue must be avid to iodine, which is achieved by elevating the person's TSH levels. [5]
Operations involve removal of the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy) either as a part of the gland (lobectomy or hemithyroidectomy), or the whole gland (total thyroidectomy). Incomplete resections (sub-total or near total thyroidectomy) are also infrequently performed, but are disfavored by most surgeons [citation needed].
[54] [68] There is currently no known way to stop auto-immune lymphocytes infiltrating the thyroid [5] or to stimulate regeneration of thyroid tissue. [5] However, the condition can be managed. [54] [68] Molecular structure of Thyroxine, Levothyroxine, Levothyroxine Sodium, Tri-iodothyronine, Liothyronine, and Liothyronine Sodium.
A large majority of the thyroid may be removed (subtotal thyroidectomy) to treat the hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease, or to remove a goiter that is unsightly or impinges on vital structures. [citation needed] A complete thyroidectomy of the entire thyroid, including associated lymph nodes, is the preferred treatment for thyroid cancer.
After thyroglobulin levels become undetectable (following thyroidectomy), levels can be serially monitored in follow-up of patients with papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma. [clarification needed] A subsequent elevation of the thyroglobulin level is an indication of recurrence of papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma.
The Wolff–Chaikoff effect is known as an autoregulatory phenomenon that inhibits organification in the thyroid gland, the formation of thyroid hormones inside the thyroid follicle, and the release of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream. [6] This becomes evident secondary to elevated levels of circulating iodide.
The Revised 2009 American Thyroid Association guidelines for papillary thyroid cancer state that the initial procedure should be near-total or total thyroidectomy. Thyroid lobectomy alone may be sufficient treatment for small (<1 cm), low-risk, unifocal, intrathyroidal papillary carcinomas in the absence of prior head and neck irradiation or ...
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