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Poverty is the lack of, or the inability to achieve socially acceptable standard of living. [34] Officially, there is no poverty line put in place for Nigeria but for the sake of poverty analysis, the mean per capita household is used. So, there are two poverty lines that are used to classify where people stand financially.
The estimates can therefore differ from other estimates, like the national poverty rate. Nigeria is the country with the most people living in extreme poverty worldwide since 2019, overtaking much more populous India. [1] The poverty rate in Nigeria remains one of the world's highest and is especially high in the north of the country.
Poverty in Nigeria remains significant despite high economic growth. [1] Nigeria has one of the world's highest economic growth rates (averaging 7.4% [ 2 ] over the last decade), an underdeveloped economy, and plenty of natural resources such as oil.
The causes of poverty may vary with respect to nation, region, and in comparison with other countries at the global level. Yet, there is a commonality amongst these causes. Philosophical perspectives and especially historical perspectives, including some factors at a micro and macro level can be considered in understanding these causes. [1]
The current plan is to establish an African Economic Community with a single currency by 2023. [117] The African Investment Bank is meant to stimulate development. The AU plans also include a transitional African Monetary Fund leading to an African Central Bank. Some parties support development of an even more unified United States of Africa.
Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa; a residence for more than 206 million people. [1] Hunger is one of the major issues that affect the citizens. 40% (82 million people) of the citizens live below the International Poverty Line of $1.90 daily, whilst another 25% are vulnerable.
In 2005, Nigeria posted a US$26 billion trade surplus, corresponding to almost 20% of gross domestic product. In 2005, Nigeria achieved a positive current account balance of US$9.6 billion. The Nigerian currency is the naira (NGN). As of June 2006, the exchange rate was about US$1=NGN128.4. As of June 2019, it stands at US$1 =NGN357.
In January 2021, the GSS published a report called the 'Multi-dimensional Poverty-Ghana'. In this report, a decline in the incidence of poverty and also extreme poverty was found. This made Ghana the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to "achieve the MDGs target of halving extreme poverty in 2006 way ahead of the global deadline of 2015". [22]