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lidocaine [12] [13] (lignocaine) Xylocaine 1943 (Nils Löfgren and Bengt Lundqvist) 1947 (Torsten Gordh) mepivacaine: Carbocaine, Polocaine 1956 (Ekenstam and Egner) 1957 (Dhuner) meprylcaine: Epirocain metabutoxycaine: nitracaine: Ester- Aminobenzoic orthocaine: oxetacaine (oxethazaine) oxybuprocaine: benoxinate, Novesine Paraethoxycaine [14 ...
E.g. of amide LA: lidocaine, prilocaine, articaine, mepivacaine; E.g. of ester LA: benzocaine, procaine; Genuine allergic reactions of an amide LA is very uncommon. An ester LA is more possible to result in an allergic reaction because the compound will be broken down to para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) which is a trigger for allergic reactions. [30]
Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic medication of the class Ib type. [7] This means it works by blocking sodium channels thus decreasing the rate of contractions of the heart. [10] [7] When injected near nerves, the nerves cannot conduct signals to or from the brain. [8] Lidocaine was discovered in 1946 and went on sale in 1948. [11]
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (aka Essential Medicines List for Children [1] or EMLc [1]), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe in children up to twelve years of age to meet the most important needs in a health system.
Children affected by allergies in the developed world: [2] 1 in 13 have eczema; 1 in 8 have allergic rhinitis; 3-6% are affected by food allergy; Children in the United States under 18 years of age: [3] Percent with any allergy: 27.2%; Percent with seasonal allergy: 18.9%; Percent with eczema: 10.8%; Percent with food allergy: 5.8%
Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...
An allergic individual may not have any reaction to consuming food only prepared with egg yolk and not egg white, or vice versa. [10] Due to high protein content, egg white allergy is more common than the reverse. [11] The majority of children with this allergy become tolerant by adulthood. [12] Fish
Severe allergic reactions to anesthetic medications are rare and are usually attributable to factors other than the anesthetic. Neuromuscular blocking agents, natural rubber latex, and antibiotics are the most common causes of serious allergic reactions during surgery. [2] The mortality rate from these reactions ranges between 3-9%. [3]