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Obstetrics is the field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. [1] As a medical specialty , obstetrics is combined with gynecology under the discipline known as obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), which is a surgical field.
The obstetric history of a female who has had four pregnancies, one of which was a miscarriage before 20 weeks, would be noted in the GPA system as G 4 P 3 A 1 and in the GP system as G 4 P 3. The obstetric history of a female who has had one pregnancy of twins with successful outcomes would be noted as G 1 P 1+1. [16]
Obstetrics can be described as all of the following: Medicine – medicine is the science and art of healing . It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness in human beings .
Midwifery and obstetrics are different but overlap in medical practice that focuses on pregnancy and labor. Midwifery emphasizes the normality of pregnancy along with the reproductive process. Classical Antiquity saw the beginning of attempts to classify various areas of medical research, and the terms gynecology and obstetrics came into use.
In reproductive health, obstetric transition is a concept around the secular trend of countries gradually shifting from a pattern of high maternal mortality to low maternal mortality, from direct obstetric causes of maternal mortality to indirect causes, aging of maternal population, and moving from the natural history of pregnancy and childbirth to institutionalization of maternity care ...
Another facet of the campaign against midwives and towards greater professionalization and exclusivity in obstetrics was the development and expense of medical technology. [10] Traditional midwifery techniques were constructed as inferior to newly marketed obstetric technology, such as forceps. [10]
Midwifery is the health science and health profession that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period (including care of the newborn), [1] in addition to the sexual and reproductive health of women throughout their lives. [2]
Traditionally, the analysis of maternal deaths has been the criterion of choice for evaluating women's health and the quality of obstetric care. Due to the success of modern medicine such deaths have become very rare in developed countries, which has led to an increased interest in analyzing so-called "near miss" events.