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Meta-analytic evidence showed that add-on modafinil and armodafinil were more effective than placebo on response to treatment, clinical remission, and reduction in depressive symptoms, with only minor side effects, but the effect sizes are small and the quality of evidence has to be considered low, limiting the clinical relevance of current ...
Modafinil is generally well-tolerated but can have potential risks and side effects. Common adverse effects of modafinil, experienced by less than 10% of users, include headaches, nausea, and reduced appetite. [93] [94] [20] Anxiety, insomnia, dizziness, diarrhea, and rhinitis are also reported in 5% to 10% of users. [20]
Chemical structure of modafinil.. This page lists chemical compounds similar to modafinil, known as modafinil analogues and derivatives.These are structural analogues and derivatives of modafinil, a drug that affects dopamine levels in the brain in an unusual way (atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitor or DRI).
[3] [4] Eugeroics are also often prescribed off-label for the treatment of EDS in idiopathic hypersomnia. [11] In contrast to classical psychostimulants, such as amphetamine and methylphenidate, which are also used in the treatment of these disorders, eugeroics typically do not produce euphoria, and, consequently, have lower misuse potential ...
Provigil is a combination of R and S isomers of modafinil. Nuvigil uses only the R isomer, with the hope that it will have longer lasting effects in the body. However, Cephalon states that it has no comparative test data on Nuvigil and Provigil, either on efficacy or patient tolerance. Both substances carry a risk of dependency and producing mania.
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The most promising therapeutic effect is achieved when the treatment continues for at least six weeks. [36] Underuse or misuse of antidepressants and prescribing inadequate dosages are the most common mistakes physicians make when treating elderly patients for depression. Only 10% to 40% of depressed elderly patients are given medication.
Adrafinil is a prodrug; it is primarily metabolized in vivo to modafinil, resulting in very similar pharmacological effects. [6] Unlike modafinil, however, it takes time for the metabolite to accumulate to active levels in the bloodstream. Effects usually are apparent within 45–60 minutes when taken orally on an empty stomach. [citation needed]