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Since 1940, Turkey has frequently been under extraordinary rule, either the whole of the country or specific provinces.According to Articles 119-122 of the 1982 Constitution the four types of extraordinary rule are martial law (sıkıyönetim), state of emergency (olağanüstü hâl, OHAL), mobilization (seferberlik) and situation of war (savaş hâli).
However, the most significant clause of the Gülhane decree was the one enforcing the rule of law for all subjects, including non-Muslims, by guaranteeing the right to life and property for all. This put an end to the kul system, which allowed the ruler's servants to be executed or have their property confiscated at his desire.
[1] As the government was forced out without dissolving the parliament or suspending the constitution, [2] the event has been famously labelled a "postmodern coup" by the Turkish admiral Salim Dervişoğlu. [1] [3] [4] The process after the coup is alleged to have been organised by the West Working Group, a purported clandestine group within ...
A ceasefire between Turkey and the U.S.-backed Kurdish Syrian forces (SDF) around the northern Syrian city of Manbij has been extended until the end of this week, State Department spokesperson ...
The 1971 Turkish military memorandum (Turkish: 12 Mart Muhtırası), issued on 12 March that year, was the second military intervention to take place in the Republic of Turkey, coming 11 years after its 1960 predecessor. It is known as the "coup by memorandum", which the military delivered in lieu of sending out tanks, as it had done previously.
Acute human rights issues include in particular the status of Kurds in Turkey.The Kurdish–Turkish conflict has caused numerous human rights violations over the years. . There is an ongoing debate in the country on the right to life, torture, freedom of expression as well as freedoms of religion, assembly and associ
Northern Iraq borders Southeast Turkey. The ATA was passed in 1991 during the Gulf War alongside the declaration of martial law in the country. In part, it was created as a response to the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a militant political party in favor of a separate Kurdistan and autonomy for Kurds in Turkey.
Turkey has a rich constitutional history, dating from 1808 to the present. [1] Over the years, Turkey has had many constitutions and radical amendments made to those constitutions. The four main constitutions of Turkey since inception have been the Constitution of 1921, the Constitution of 1924, the Constitution of 1961 and the Constitution of ...