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Gestational hypertension or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is the development of new hypertension in a pregnant woman after 20 weeks' gestation without the presence of protein in the urine or other signs of pre-eclampsia. [1] Gestational hypertension is defined as having a blood pressure greater than 140/90 on two occasions at least 6 ...
This is a shortened version of the eleventh chapter of the ICD-9: Complications of Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Puerperium. It covers ICD codes 630 to 679 . The full chapter can be found on pages 355 to 378 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9.
It is one of the preferred treatments for high blood pressure in pregnancy. [1] For other types of high blood pressure including very high blood pressure resulting in symptoms other medications are typically preferred. [1] It can be given by mouth or injection into a vein. [1] Onset of effects is around 5 hours and they last about a day. [1]
While some studies recommend the administration of certain agents, others underline the possible adverse effects on fetal development. In general, a-methyldopa, β-blockers and calcium channel blockers are the first or second treatment line for hypertension during pregnancy.
The World Health Organization recommends that women with severe hypertension during pregnancy should receive treatment with anti-hypertensive agents. [4] Severe hypertension is generally considered systolic BP of at least 160 or diastolic BP of at least 110. [3] Evidence does not support the use of one anti-hypertensive over another. [15]
Chronic hypertension is a type of high blood pressure in a pregnant woman that is pre-existing before conception, diagnosed early in pregnancy, or persists significantly after the end of pregnancy. It affects about 5% of all pregnancies and can be a primary disorder of essential hypertension or secondary to another condition; it is not caused ...
Signs and symptoms of ACEi and ARB use during pregnancy include kidney damage or failure, oligohydramnios, anuria, joint contractures, and hypoplasia of the skull. [58] Common, alternative agents for high blood pressure in pregnant women include anti-adrenergic and beta-blocking medications, such as methyldopa or metoprolol, respectively. [58]
Labetalol is effective in the management of hypertensive emergencies, postoperative hypertension, pheochromocytoma-associated hypertension, and rebound hypertension from beta blocker withdrawal. [10] It has a particular indication in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension which is commonly associated with pre-eclampsia. [11]