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The American economist Milton Friedman developed the permanent income hypothesis in his 1957 book A Theory of the Consumption Function. [7] In his book, Friedman posits a theory that explained how and why future expectations change consumption. [8] Friedman's 1957 book A Theory of the Consumption Function created the basis for consumption ...
Milton Friedman (/ ˈ f r iː d m ən / ⓘ; July 31, 1912 – November 16, 2006) was an American economist and statistician who received the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and the complexity of stabilization policy. [4]
If this assumption is to be used, it would result in a nonlinear consumption function with a diminishing slope. Further theories on the shape of the consumption function include James Duesenberry 's (1949) relative consumption expenditure, [ 9 ] Franco Modigliani and Richard Brumberg's (1954) life-cycle hypothesis , and Milton Friedman 's (1957 ...
For example, Milton Friedman's microeconomic theory of consumption over time (the 'permanent income hypothesis') suggested that the marginal propensity to consume (the increase of consumer spending with increased income) due to temporary income, which is crucial for the Keynesian multiplier, was likely to be much smaller than Keynesians assumed.
Since Friedman's 1956 permanent income theory and Modigliani and Brumberg's 1954 life-cycle model, the idea that agents prefer a stable path of consumption has been widely accepted. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] This idea came to replace the perception that people had a marginal propensity to consume and therefore current consumption was tied to current income.
A Theory of the Consumption Function (1957) "A Statistical Illusion in Judging Keynesian Models" with Gary S. Becker, Journal of Political Economy Vol. 65, No. 1 (Feb. 1957), pp. 64–75 JSTOR "The Supply of Money and Changes in Prices and Output", 1958, in Relationship of Prices to Economic Stability and Growth.
The first use adaptive expectations hypothesis was to describe agent behavior in The Purchasing Power of Money by Irving Fisher (1911), then later used to describe models such as hyperinflation by Philip Cagan (1956). [3] Adaptive expectations were instrumental in the consumption function (1957) and Phillips curve outlined by Milton Friedman ...
First edition (publ. University of Chicago Press) Milton Friedman's book Essays in Positive Economics (1953) is a collection of earlier articles by the author with as its lead an original essay "The Methodology of Positive Economics."