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  2. Orders of magnitude (energy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(energy)

    Mass–energy emitted as gravitational waves during the most energetic black hole merger observed until 2020 (GW170729) [309] 8.8×10 47 J GRB 080916C – formerly the most powerful gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever recorded – total/true [ 310 ] isotropic energy output estimated at 8.8 × 10 47 joules (8.8 × 10 54 erg), or 4.9 times the Sun's mass ...

  3. Work (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_(physics)

    Conversely, a decrease in kinetic energy is caused by an equal amount of negative work done by the resultant force. Thus, if the net work is positive, then the particle's kinetic energy increases by the amount of the work. If the net work done is negative, then the particle's kinetic energy decreases by the amount of work. [18]

  4. Newton's laws of motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_laws_of_motion

    Without friction to dissipate a body's energy into heat, the body's energy will trade between potential and (non-thermal) kinetic forms while the total amount remains constant. Any gain of kinetic energy, which occurs when the net force on the body accelerates it to a higher speed, must be accompanied by a loss of potential energy.

  5. Two-body problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-body_problem

    The most prominent example of the classical two-body problem is the gravitational case (see also Kepler problem), arising in astronomy for predicting the orbits (or escapes from orbit) of objects such as satellites, planets, and stars. A two-point-particle model of such a system nearly always describes its behavior well enough to provide useful ...

  6. Electric field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field

    This is analogous to the gravitational potential. The difference between the electric potential at two points in space is called the potential difference (or voltage) between the two points. In general, however, the electric field cannot be described independently of the magnetic field.

  7. Zero-point energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-point_energy

    The Heisenberg uncertainty principle allows the energy to be as large as needed to promote quantum actions for a brief moment of time, even if the average energy is small enough to satisfy relativity and flat space. To cope with disagreements, the vacuum energy is described as a virtual energy potential of positive and negative energy. [93]

  8. Black hole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole

    The extra energy is taken from the rotational energy of the black hole. Thereby the rotation of the black hole slows down. [ 118 ] A variation of the Penrose process in the presence of strong magnetic fields, the Blandford–Znajek process is considered a likely mechanism for the enormous luminosity and relativistic jets of quasars and other ...

  9. Spin–orbit interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin–orbit_interaction

    The total spin–orbit potential in an external electrostatic potential takes the form + = () (). The net effect of Thomas precession is the reduction of the Larmor interaction energy by factor of about 1/2, which came to be known as the Thomas half .