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The 12-pdr rifle was designed in the early 1850s by British manufacturer Joseph Whitworth, who had recently been contracted to improve the Pattern 1853 Enfield.During his experiments with the Enfield, Whitworth was inspired to begin experimenting with a hexagonally-rifled barrel; Whitworth would later apply these principles to his field guns.
It was produced by Armstrong Whitworth, Elswick and used on Royal Navy warships, exported to allied countries, and used for land service. [4] In British service "12-pounder" was the rounded value of the projectile weight, and "12 cwt (hundredweight)" was the weight of the barrel and breech, to differentiate it from other "12-pounder" guns.
They were a bit liable to disturbances, [9] but the problem with the wedge breech was solved to satisfaction. [10] In 1864 a comparative test of three types of 70-pounder guns took place. In this test, the Armstrong breechloader could not stand up against newer Rifled Muzzle Loaders (RML) designed by himself and Whitworth.
The Mk III gun was designed by the Elswick Ordnance Company as a modification of the Royal Arsenal (Woolwich) designs. It was trunnionless and made entirely of steel. It was connected to its carriage by way of three 'thrust-collars' which were formed on the exterior halfway round on the lower side of the gun beneath the center of gravity.
Ignition was through a copper lined vent at the breech end of the gun. A copper friction tube would be inserted and a lanyard attached. When the lanyard was pulled the tube would ignite, firing the gun. [1] A number of different fuzes could be used enabling shells to either burst at a pre-determined time (and range), or on impact.
In this test, Armstrong advised against using a powder charge higher than 9 pounds with his breechloader. Meanwhile the other guns that were tested, the Armstrong muzzle loader, and the Whitworth muzzle loader, used 14 and 12 pounds of
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The 100-ton gun (also known as the Armstrong 100-ton gun) [6] was a british coastal defense gun and is the world's largest black powder cannon. It was a 17.72-inch (450 mm) rifled muzzle-loading (RML) gun made by Elswick Ordnance Company, the armaments division of the British manufacturing company Armstrong Whitworth, owned by William Armstrong.