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A justice of the peace in Taos County, New Mexico, United States, hears a case (1941). A justice of the peace (JP) is a judicial officer of a lower court, elected or appointed by means of a commission (letters patent) to keep the peace. In past centuries the term commissioner of the peace was often used with the same meaning.
A justice of the peace is a judicial officer who serves as a legal authority close to the average citizen. The duties include hearing small claims lawsuits, preliminary hearings for felonies and ...
The duties of a Texas constable generally include providing bailiffs for the justice of the peace courts within their precinct and serving process issued therefrom and from any other court. Moreover, some constables' offices limit themselves to only these activities but others provide patrol, investigative, and security services as well.
Justices of the peace gained an array of duties such as dealing with local infrastructures such as roads and bridges, and regulating weights and measures used by traders. Many of the duties of justice of the peace, due to the development of local administration, were transferred to local government authorities.
In Williamson County, the justices of the peace take turns serving one week per month investigating deaths all over the county, as well as conducting their court duties. Justices of the peace are ...
Judicial officers are typically categorized as judges, magistrates, puisne judicial officers such as justices of the peace or officers of courts of limited jurisdiction; and notaries public and commissioners of oaths. The powers of judicial officers vary and are usually limited to a certain jurisdiction.
However, Justices of the Peace remained as a separate judicial officers with limited authorities. For a while they continued to be appointed by the Governor but later appointed by the legislature. [8] In 1868, the Board of County Commissioners replaced Justices of the Peace in their duties as officers of the county government. [6]
A justices' clerk had the powers of a single magistrate, for example to issue a summons, adjourn proceedings, extend bail, issue a warrant for failing to surrender to bail where there is no objection on behalf of the accused, dismiss an information where no evidence is offered, request a pre-sentence report, commit a defendant for trial without consideration of the evidence and give directions ...