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Phenanthrene is used to make dyes, plastics, pesticides, explosives, and drugs. It has also been used to make bile acids, cholesterol and steroids. [3] Phenanthrene occurs naturally and also is a man-made chemical. Commonly, humans are exposed to phenanthrene through inhalation of cigarette smoke, but there are many routes of exposure.
[citation needed] This difference in number of sextets is reflected in the differing ultraviolet–visible spectra of these two isomers, as higher Clar pi-sextets are associated with larger HOMO-LUMO gaps; [22] the highest-wavelength absorbance of phenanthrene is at 293 nm, while anthracene is at 374 nm. [23]
Anthracene's emission spectrum peaks at between 400 nm and 440 nm. It is also used in wood preservatives, insecticides, and coating materials. [citation needed] Anthracene is commonly used as a UV tracer in conformal coatings applied to printed wiring boards. The anthracene tracer allows the conformal coating to be inspected under UV light. [29]
As a result, while anthracene reacts with maleic acid, phenanthrene does not, and triphenylene is the most stable species of these three. [1] Three Clar structures with an increasing number of fused rings around a benzene moiety: anthracene (on the left), phenanthrene (in the middle), and triphenylene (on the right).
Diboraanthracene is a class of boron heterocyclic compounds in which two boron atoms substitute two carbon atoms in anthracene (C₁₄H₁₀), one of the typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The most well-studied diboraanthracene is 9,10-disubstituted-9,10-diboraanthracene (DBA) and its doubly reduced dianion (DBA²⁻).
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Benz[a]anthracene or benzo[a]anthracene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C 18 H 12. [2] It is produced during incomplete combustion of organic matter. Benz[ a ]anthracene is one of carcinogenic constituents of tobacco smoke .