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Pitaya usually refers to fruit of the genus Stenocereus, while pitahaya or dragon fruit refers to fruit of the genus Selenicereus (formerly Hylocereus), both in the family Cactaceae. [3] The common name in English – dragon fruit – derives from the leather-like skin and scaly spikes on the fruit exterior.
Dragonfruit stems are scandent (climbing habit), creeping, sprawling or clambering, and branch profusely. There can be four to seven of them, between 5 and 10 m (16 and 33 ft)or longer, with joints from 30 to 120 cm (12 to 47 in) or longer, and 10 to 12 cm (3.9 to 4.7 in) thick; with generally three ribs; margins are corneous (horn-like) with age, and undulate.
A number of species of Selenicereus produce fruit that is eaten. The fruit, known as pitaya or pitahaya in Spanish or as dragon fruit, may be collected from the wild or the plants may be cultivated.
Selenicereus monacanthus, formerly Hylocereus monacanthus. Hylocereus is a former genus of epiphytic cacti, often referred to as night-blooming cactus (though the term is also used for many other cacti).
The plant Weber described had a triangular stem-like Cereus trigonus, but was "distinguished by its more glaucous stem and especially by its fruit, just as big but more spherical, less scaly, and filled with a crimson pulp of a very delicate taste." [4] It was said to be highly sought after in Costa Rica for its fruit, known as pitahaya. [5]
Dracaena draco subsp. ajgal in the village Agadir Ougjgal near Tiznit, Morocco. Dracaena draco is an evergreen long lived tree capable of exceeding 15 m (49 ft) in height and having a trunk of 5 m (16 ft) or more in circumference, starting with a smooth bark that evolves to a more rough texture as it ages. [8]
The fruit of the longan is similar to that of the lychee, but is less aromatic in taste. [4] The longan (from Vietnamese long nhãn [5] or Cantonese lùhng ngáahn 龍眼, literally 'dragon eye'), is so named because the black seed within the shelled fruit creates the appearance of an eyeball. The plant is native to tropical Asia and China. [6]
The fruit is similar to a dragon fruit. Those of Stenocereus gummosus, acidic and very refreshing, are highly favored by the Seris of northwestern Mexico [1] who call the cactus ziix is ccapxl [2] - "thing whose fruit is sour". It is commonly known in Spanish as pitaya agria, or by the English translation Sour Pitaya.
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