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Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug. [7] After its discovery in 1975, [8] its first uses were in veterinary medicine to prevent and treat heartworm and acariasis. [9] Approved for human use in 1987, [10] it is used to treat infestations including head lice, scabies, river blindness (onchocerciasis), strongyloidiasis, trichuriasis, ascariasis and lymphatic filariasis.
Oral ivermectin is effective in eradicating scabies, often in a single dose. [4] [15] It is the treatment of choice for crusted scabies, and is sometimes prescribed in combination with a topical agent. [15] [19] It has not been tested on infants, and is not recommended for children under six years of age. [19]
Oral ivermectin (while not FDA approved specifically for scabies treatment) deserves consideration as it has shown to be a more practical and effective treatment. Dosage is based on body weight ...
Permethrin, sulfur, lindane, dicophane, benzyl benzoate, ivermectin and crotamiton are well known ectoparasiticides. [2] Additionally, ectoparasiticides have been used to safely contaminate rhinoceros horns with hopes of it deterring the demand for these horns on the black market.
For treatment of scabies: Adults and children older than 2 months are instructed to apply the cream to the entire body from head to the soles of the feet. Wash off the cream after 8–14 hours. In general, one treatment is curative. [17] A single application of permethrin is more effective than a single oral dose of ivermectin for scabies.
However, these drugs have little effect on the autoinfective larvae. Hence, repeat treatments with ivermectin or albendazole must be administered to kill newly matured parasites that have developed from the autoinfective larvae. This means a full treatment dose every two weeks until all larvae capable of maturing into adults have been extirpated.
The CDC recommendation is either a single oral dose (1 gram) of azithromycin, a single IM dose (250 mg) of ceftriaxone, oral (500 mg) of erythromycin three times a day for seven days, or oral (500 mg) of ciprofloxacin twice a day for three days. No Varicella zoster virus (VZV) Chickenpox
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