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Blood transfusions, including of red blood cells and platelets, are necessary to maintain health levels, preventing complications of anemia (from low red blood cells) and bleeding (from low platelets). [69] AML leads to an increased risk of infections, particularly drug-resistant strains of bacteria and fungi. [62]
Transfusion hemosiderosis can cause permanent damage to tissues that may lead to death. [2] Tissue damage can remain even after chelation therapy. [2] Outcomes are usually worse in patients who require blood transfusions compared to those who can have alternative therapies. [2] Cardiomyopathy and cardiac arrhythmia are often a cause of death. [1]
Universal leukoreduction is currently not practiced in all countries. [citation needed]As of 2008, most developed nations have adopted universal leukoreduction of transfusions (defined as the routine application of this blood-processing step to all units of whole blood, red blood cells, and platelets prior to storage) with the notable exception of the United States. [8]
Leukemia. Leukemia, a cancer of the blood-forming cells, can make some people feel chilly, especially at nighttime. The culprit? ... Some people experience chills after blood transfusions and ...
Full blood count and examination of blood film: The blood film morphology can provide clues about hemolytic anemia, clumping of the platelets leading to spurious thrombocytopenia, or leukemia. Blood tests to eliminate other common causes of cytopenias such as lupus, hepatitis, B 12, folate, or other vitamin deficiencies, kidney failure or heart ...
Treatment can occasionally consist of "watchful waiting" (e.g., in CLL) or symptomatic treatment (e.g., blood transfusions in MDS). The more aggressive forms of disease require treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and—in some cases—a bone marrow transplant.
Hypocalcemia can also occur with massive blood transfusions because of the complex of citrate with serum calcium. Calcium levels below 0.9 mmol/L should be treated. [73] Blood doping has been used by athletes to increase physical stamina. [74] A lack of knowledge and insufficient experience can turn a blood transfusion into a dangerous event.
The word leukemia, which means 'white blood', is derived from the characteristic high white blood cell count that presents in most affected people before treatment. The high number of white blood cells is apparent when a blood sample is viewed under a microscope , with the extra white blood cells frequently being immature or dysfunctional.