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In C#, class methods, indexers, properties and events can all be overridden. Non-virtual or static methods cannot be overridden. The overridden base method must be virtual, abstract, or override. In addition to the modifiers that are used for method overriding, C# allows the hiding of an inherited property or method.
In Java, this will mean that the method in the derived class will implicitly override the method in the base class, even though that may not be the intent of the designers of either class. To mitigate this, C# requires that if a method is intended to override an inherited method, the override keyword must be specified.
In C#, a virtual method can be overridden with an abstract method. (This also applies to Java, where all non-private methods are virtual.) class IA { public virtual void M () { } } abstract class IB : IA { public override abstract void M (); // allowed }
extern - Specifies that a method signature without a body uses a DLL-import. override - Specifies that a method or property declaration is an override of a virtual member or an implementation of a member of an abstract class. readonly - Declares a field that can only be assigned values as part of the declaration or in a constructor in the same ...
D provides an explicit "alias this" declaration within a type can forward into it every method and member of another contained type. [11] Dart provides mixins with default implementations that can be shared. Go type embedding avoids the need for forwarding methods. [12] Java provides default interface methods since version 8.
In object-oriented programming, a covariant return type of a method is one that can be replaced by a "narrower" (derived) type when the method is overridden in a subclass. A notable language in which this is a fairly common paradigm is C++. C# supports return type covariance as of version 9.0. [1]
The non-virtual interface pattern (NVI) controls how methods in a base class are overridden. Such methods may be called by clients and overridable methods with core functionality. [1] It is a pattern that is strongly related to the template method pattern. The NVI pattern recognizes the benefits of a non-abstract method invoking the subordinate ...
The template method is used in frameworks, where each implements the invariant parts of a domain's architecture, while providing hook methods for customization. This is an example of inversion of control. The template method is used for the following reasons. [3] It lets subclasses implement varying behavior (through overriding of the hook ...